Coronavirus et pollution de l'air, quel lien ?

L’air et la pollution, vecteurs du Covid-19 ? Ce que nous dit la science

Ce qui est indéniable c’est la diminution importante de polluants dans l’air depuis le début du confinement. Une qualité d’air améliorée de 20 à 30% sur l’ensemble du territoire français et européen. La réduction massive de la pollution peut entraîner un double effet positif : la réduction des maladies chroniques respiratoires et la limitation du risque de propagation du Coronavirus par les particules fines.

Temps de lecture : 5 minutes

 

Qu’en est-il de la qualité d’air aujourd’hui en France ?

Le confinement, et donc indirectement le coronavirus, ont permis un phénomène intéressant qui est la réduction drastique de la pollution atmosphérique (concentration de NO2, de particules fines…). Pour information, la pollution atmosphérique est responsable, chaque année dans le monde, d’environ 7 millions de morts. La pollution atmosphérique est aussi responsable de l’aggravation ou du développement de nombreuses maladies aussi bien respiratoires que cardiovasculaires.

Meersens a utilisé les données de qualité d’air afin de modéliser et comparer la concentration maximale de NO2 sur l’Europe de l’Ouest du mercredi 18 au dimanche 29 mars 2020, et ainsi comparer ces valeurs à celles relevées il y a un an jour pour jour en 2019. 

Quel lien entre pollution de l’air et Covid-19 ?

Le mode de transmission principal du coronavirus est le contact interhumain : une personne infectée peut en infecter une autre via des microgouttelettes excrétées (salive, éternuement, toux…). On sait aussi que le virus peut survivre sur les surfaces : toucher une surface souillée puis se toucher le visage (yeux, bouche, nez…) peut être une autre source de contamination.

 

Une autre question réside : peut-on attraper le coronavirus via l’air s’il n’y a personne d’infecté à moins d’un mètre ?

Cette question est importante car elle pourrait remettre en question les sorties telles que le footing qui parait sans risque dans des rues vides ou l’envie d’aller dehors juste pour acheter une baguette de pain.

Que nous disent les premières études scientifiques sorties sur le sujet ?

  • La pollution de l’air peut être un facteur qui accélère la propagation du virus. Le virus SARS-CoV-2 peut être transporté par des particules fines de pollution. De plus, la pollution (gaz et particules) abîme les muqueuses des voies respiratoires et poumon ce qui peut permettre au virus de pénétrer plus facilement.
  • Via le phénomène d’aérosolisation (diffusion dans l’atmosphère sous forme d’aérosol ce qui est différent des microgouttelettes) le virus pourrait rester dans l’air jusqu’à 3h, cependant l’étude qui démontre ce phénomène n’est pas en mesure de prouver si le virus reste infectieux et s’il est possible d’être contaminé via ce phénomène.
  • Le cas des fumeurs a aussi été soulevé. En fumant, même la cigarette électronique, des particules sont libérées avec potentiellement le virus accroché. Ce cas est en fait similaire à celui de la pollution de l’air qui peut transporter le virus accroché à des particules. Fumer représente déjà un risque pour soi car comme pour la pollution fumer fragilise les voies respiratoires. Pour éviter tout risque potentiel pour les autres, via « des particules de fumée liées avec le virus » qui peuvent voyager à plus d’un mètre, il est préférable de fumer à la fenêtre ou dans son jardin, si cela est possible, et à au moins plusieurs mètres de tout autres personnes.

 

Même s’il est jugé plausible que le virus puisse rester dans l’air, il n’est pas possible d’en déduire avec les connaissances actuelles que l’on peut être contaminé et attraper le Covid-19 après qu’il soit resté suspendu dans l’air plusieurs heures suite au passage d’une personne contaminée.

Faire son footing seul ne présente donc pas un risque avéré ; par contre si l’air est pollué du fait de l’hyperventilation lors de la course cela revient à fragiliser ses voies respiratoires et potentiellement faciliter la contamination si le coureur est ensuite en contact plus rapproché avec une personne infectée !

La baisse importante de la pollution atmosphérique est une des rares bonnes nouvelles en cette période de crise sanitaire liée au coronavirus Covid-19. Mais attention tout de même à la qualité de l’air dans notre habitation, là où nous sommes confinés. Quand on est confinés dans son logement, dans un milieu clos, on est donc particulièrement exposés à cette pollution intérieure. Retrouvez les bons gestes à adopter sur l’application Meersens

Autres articles en lien avec le coronavirus :

Confinement : les bons gestes pour protéger sa santé et celle de ses proches

Le Air et Covid-19: sommes nous en danger?

Solution Meersens - Santé environnementale

Meersens est une entreprise à impact positif dans le domaine de la santé environnementale, mobilisée pour créer un avenir durable, permettant d’atténuer les risques environnementaux et de contribuer positivement à la santé et au bien-être des parties prenantes – en offrant une surveillance et une prévention environnementales personnalisées.

Meersens offre une vision et une surveillance multi-polluants à 360°, en temps réel, historique et prédictive, pour n’importe quel lieu, avec une grande précision, vous permettant d’atténuer les risques et de prendre de meilleures décisions.

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