Pollen, environnement et allergies : vrai ou faux ?

Pollen, environnement et allergies : on vous répond ! 

C’est le printemps mais aussi la saison des pollens !

On est tous au courant que le pollen provoque des allergies plus ou moins sévères surtout en ce début de printemps. Meersens vous met au défi sur vos connaissances à travers un vrai ou faux en espérant vous apprendre de nouvelles choses sur le pollen, les allergies mais aussi l’impact de l’environnement. 

Temps de lecture : 5 minutes

👉 Les trois critères pour qu’un pollen soit dangereux sont : émission de pollen en grande quantité, pollen de grande taille, fort pouvoir allergisant du pollen : FAUX.

FAUX.

Seuls 2 critères sur 3 sont justes. Les pollens doivent être émis en grande quantité (c’est le cas pour les plantes comme les graminées, les ambroisies, les cyprès, les bouleaux…). Le pollen doit être de petite taille et non de grande taille. Une petite taille implique que les grains de pollen resteront plus longtemps dans l’atmosphère et pourront parcourir de plus grandes distances (on les retrouve donc à la campagne mais aussi en ville). Bien évidemment, plus un pollen a un pouvoir fort allergisant plus il est dangereux. Le pouvoir allergisant est lié à la libération de protéines responsables de la sensibilisation.

👉 Les habitudes de vie et l’environnement peuvent aggraver les symptômes d’une personne allergique : VRAI.

VRAI.

La pollution atmosphérique mais aussi des facteurs irritants ou allergisant liés au mode de vie comme le tabac, les produits d’entretien, les parfums d’intérieur, les bougies, l’encens… contribuent à provoquer une irritation ou une inflammation des voies respiratoires. Cela peut faire empirer les symptômes liés à l’allergie.

👉 La pluie est bénéfique pour réduire les allergies : VRAI.

VRAI.

La pluie permet de réduire la quantité de pollen retrouvée en suspension dans l’air et réduit ainsi le risque d’allergie. Par contre, le vent est un facteur aggravant des allergies car il peut transporter le pollen sur de grandes distances.

Quels sont les impacts de la météo sur la pollution de l’air ?

👉 L’ambroise est une plante envahissante dont le fort pouvoir allergisant provoque des allergies toute l’année : FAUX.

FAUX.

Chaque type de pollen se retrouve à des périodes précises de l’année. Le pollen d’ambroisie et donc les allergies liées à celui-ci auront lieu surtout entre août et septembre. L’allergie aux pollens de graminées peut avoir lieu principalement d’avril à août.  Pour le bouleau la production de pollen démarre dès mars.  Il existe des calendriers précisant les périodes de risque allergique, cependant avec le réchauffement climatique les périodes peuvent varier et la production de pollen démarrer plus tôt que ce qui est indiqué.

👉 Les pollens de graminées sont moins abondants que les pollens d’arbres et responsables de 25% des allergies polliniques : FAUX.

FAUX.

Les pollens de graminées (herbes), sont quantitativement les plus abondants et sont responsables de plus de 75% des allergies polliniques.

👉 Les personnes présentant une allergie au pollen présentent souvent aussi une allergie alimentaire : VRAI.

VRAI.

C’est ce qu’on appelle des allergies croisées. Quel est le rapport ? Ces allergies découlent d’une sensibilisation à des protéines à forte homologie de structure -c’est-à-dire qu’elles se ressemblent fortement-, qui se retrouve à la fois dans les pollens et dans les aliments concernés.

👉 L’allergie au pollen de bouleau est souvent liée à une allergie alimentaire concernant les fruis crus (pêche, nectarine, prune, kiwi et certains oléagineux comme l’amande ou la noisette : VRAI.

VRAI.

Ce lien est dû à la forte homologie entre certaines protéines retrouvées dans les fruits crus/oléagineux et le pollen de bouleau. Les patients souffrant d’une allergie aux pollens d’armoise présentent parfois des allergies alimentaires croisées avec le céleri, carotte, fenouil, persil, cumin, coriandre…. Les patients souffrant d’allergie aux pollens de graminées ne développent que très rarement un syndrome d’allergie orale (mais parfois avec la pastèque ou le melon).

👉 Les poumons sont l’organe cible de la réaction allergique chez tous les allergiques : FAUX.

FAUX.

Les organes cibles de la réaction allergique aux pollens sont variés : œil, nez, poumons et, dans une moindre mesure, la peau. Suivant le ou les organes cibles de la réaction les symptômes seront différents pour chacun.

👉 Il est préférable pour un individu allergique aux pollens de bouleau et de cyprès en ce début de printemps de vivre dans l’Est de la France : FAUX.

FAUX.

Les pollens de cyprès (et de platane) présentent un risque d’allergie élevé autour de la Méditerranée et le pollen de bouleau (et frêne) un risque d’allergie moyen dans l’Est de la France. Actuellement seul l’Ouest de la France présente un risque faible ou très faible d’allergie.

Calendrier pollinique :

Pollen, environnement et allergies

Retrouver les sources de pollen et leur impact sur la santé dans notre article « Les pollens, sources et impacts sur la santé »

Solution Meersens - Santé environnementale

Meersens est une entreprise à impact positif dans le domaine de la santé environnementale, mobilisée pour créer un avenir durable, permettant d’atténuer les risques environnementaux et de contribuer positivement à la santé et au bien-être des parties prenantes – en offrant une surveillance et une prévention environnementales personnalisées.

Meersens offre une vision et une surveillance multi-polluants à 360°, en temps réel, historique et prédictive, pour n’importe quel lieu, avec une grande précision, vous permettant d’atténuer les risques et de prendre de meilleures décisions.

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